The 39 Best Literary References from 'The Simpsons' That You Probably Didn't Notice

Baseball. Apple pie. The Simpsons.

There are few cultural artifacts that are more universal in American culture than The Simpsons, the ubiquitous animated program and longest-running sitcom in U.S. history.

The series isn't just known for its longevity but its depth as well. Despite giving rise to a variety of foul-mouthed animated offspring — Family Guy in particular comes to mind — the FOX series has always displayed an appreciation for culture and, in turn, sought to critique the idiosyncrasies of American culture. At its prime, the series was so sharp that a whole catalogue of academic works have been devoted to unpacking the nature of the Simpsons' role as a mirror for American life. 

The series' reverence for literary creativity was on full display this week when the it paid tribute to the victims of the Jan. 7 attack on Charlie Hebdo in Paris.

In appreciation of this, Lapham's Quarterly editor Michelle Legro and I created the Lisa Simpson Book Club, a single-serving Tumblr devoted to the best literary references in the show's history, with a focus on the bookish middle Simpsons kid. Below, a selection of some of the series' best literary shout-outs.

1. The Bell Jar by Sylvia Plath

2. Ghost World by Daniel Clowes

3. The Tome by Gore Vidal

Marge: "Did you invite one of your friends?"

Lisa: "Friends? Ha! These are my only friends: Grown-up nerds like Gore Vidal. And even he's kissed more boys than I ever will."

Marge: "Girls, Lisa. Boys kiss girls."

It should be noted that Vidal and his work show up often in the series:

4. The Atlantic 'kids' edition'

Including: "Sasha and Malia on the Allowance Deficits."

5. Tintin

In the new comic book store, Coolsville Comics & Toys, Lisa reads Tintin in Paris. This album does not exist in the Tintin series but is a mishmash of the cover of Tintin in the Land of the Soviets, the island from The Black Island and the rocket from Destination Moon.

7. Wired

Homer: "Hey, why didn't you tell me the new issue of 'Weird' was here!"

8. The Paris Review, represented by editor George Plimpton

Plimpton, editor of the Paris Review, welcomes Lisa and her fellow competitors to the 34rd Spellympiad — before bribing her to take a dive with the promise of free college and the George Plimpton Hotplate.

9. Amy Tan

Lisa: "Miss Tan, I loved The Joy Luck Club. You really showed me how the mother-daughter bond could survive adversity."

Tan: "No, no, that's not what I meant at all. I can't believe how wrong you got it. Just sit down, I'm embarrassed for both of us."

10. Tom Wolfe

"It's Tom Wolfe! He's used more exclamation points than any other major American writer."

11. Emily Dickinson

Lisa: "What's the point of getting rid of all the distractions at home if I have to do my learning here?"

12. The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich by William L. Shirer

Lisa: "This is the last time I bring these two to bed at the same time."

William L. Shirer once said his history was meant to be read in repose. Lisa begs to differ.

13. Man and Superman by George Bernard Shaw

Lisa's always had a soft spot for Shaw.

14. Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman

Lisa consoles a beached whale with Leaves of Grass: "The world below the brine; Forests at the bottom of the sea — the branches and leaves, sea-lettuce, vast lichens, strange flowers and seeds."

15. The New Yorker

New Yorker mascot Eustace Tilley shows up in a later episode: "We have periodicals on microfiche!"

16. Goodnight Moon by Margaret Wise Brown

In which actor Christopher Walken reads the book to some terrified children.

17. Moneyball by Michael Lewis

18. Harry Potter by J.K. Rowling

Lisa: "Ms. Rowling, I love your books. You've turned an entire generation on to reading." 

Rowling: "Thank you, young Muggle."

Lisa: "Could you tell me what happens at the end of the series?"

Rowling: [Exasperated] "He grows up and he marries you! Is that what you want to hear?"

Lisa: [Dreamily] "Yes."

19. Master of the Senate by Robert Caro

20. Jonathan Franzen and Michael Chabon

Chabon: "You can't make this stuff up."

Franzen: "Maybe you can't."

Chabon: "That's it, Franzen! I think your nose needs some corrections!"

21. Gravity's Rainbow by Thomas Pynchon

Lisa: "You're reading Gravity's Rainbow?"

Brownie: "Re-reading it."

22. Ten Trite Tales by Agatha Christie

While investigating the shooting of Mr. Burns, Chief Wiggum consults Ten Trite Tales.

23. The Economist

Homer: "Marge, did you know Indonesia is at a crossroads?"

Marge: "No?!"

Homer: "It is!"

24. The Corrections by Franzen

Artie Ziff connects with Lisa over some delicious Franzen.

25. The Brothers Karamazov by Fyodor Dostoevsky

26. Timequake by Kurt Vonnegut

27. A People's History of the United States by Howard Zinn

When Marge started at college, she read A People's History of the United States while Homer watched Seinfeld.

28. Dwell

The look of the Simpsons' neighborhood transitions wildly when new neighbors discover a forgotten Neutra, triggering a renovation craze. Their project is so successful that it's featured on the cover of Dwell.

29. J.D. Salinger

"All of J.D. Salinger's books, except Catcher in the Rye!"

30. Charlotte's Web by E.B. White

Mr. Bergstrom read Charlotte's Web to Lisa's class: "Nobody, of the hundreds of people that had visited the fair, knew that a grey spider had played the most important part of all. Nobody was with her when she died."

31. Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck

32. New York Review of Books

Er, not quite.

33. Sex and the Single Girl by Helen Gurley Brown

Sort of!

34. Philip Roth

Accurate.

35. Financial Times

Because of course Krusty reads the FT.

36. Asterix by René Goscinny and illustrated by Albert Uderzo

Lisa enjoys the famous Franco-Belgian comic.

37. The Fountainhead by Ayn Rand

There's also this lovely jab at the author in another episode:

38. The New Republic

"Well, I think we should invest in a set of The Great Books Of Western Civilization. Look at this ad from The New Republic for Kids: Each month, a new classic will be delivered to our door. Paradise Regained, Martin Chuzzlewit or Herman Melville's twin classics Omoo and Typee."

39. Non-Threatening Boys

Not a real magazine, but boy, do we wish it was.

Meta bonus: How to Get Rich Writing Cartoons

In "The Front" (Season 4, Episode 78), Lisa reads How to Get Rich Writing Cartoons by John Swartzwelder, writer of the largest number Simpsons episodes.